What Is a Zoning Resolution Determination (ZRD1) in NYC?
Hamoun Niknejad2026-04-01T01:23:32+00:00If you’ve ever worked on a construction or renovation project in New York City, you know that zoning rules can be just as challenging as building codes. Even when a design seems straightforward, questions often come up about use, floor area, setbacks, height, or special zoning conditions.That’s where the Zoning Resolution Determination (ZRD1) form comes into play.A ZRD1 is a formal request submitted to the New York City Department of Buildings asking for an official interpretation of the NYC Zoning...
9 Types of Bridge Design
Hamoun Niknejad2026-02-14T00:32:57+00:00Types of Bridge Design (And How Engineers Choose the Right One)Bridges look simple when you’re driving over them. But in bridge construction, picking the right bridge design is a big deal—and it’s never “one size fits all.”A bridge has to match the site. That means engineers look at things like:Span length (how far the bridge must cross)Loads (cars, trucks, trains, pedestrians)Ground and water conditions (soil, depth, currents)Clearance needs (boats, roads, rail lines under the bridge)Construction access (can equipment get there?...
Hard Cost and Soft Cost in Construction
Hamoun Niknejad2026-04-05T18:28:40+00:00When people talk about construction budgets, two terms come up again and again: hard costs and soft costs. If you are a property owner, investor, developer, or even someone planning a renovation, understanding these two categories can save you from confusion, budgeting mistakes, and costly surprises.In simple terms, hard costs are the expenses tied directly to the physical construction of a building, while soft costs are the expenses that support the project before, during, and after construction.Both...
Zoning Lots in New York City
Hamoun Niknejad2026-02-14T00:33:35+00:00NYC Zoning LotsWhen you’re dealing with NYC zoning, one of the first questions that matters is surprisingly simple:“What type of lot is this?”Because in New York City, the shape and position of your lot on the block can change what the zoning rules require—especially for things like yards, setbacks, frontage, entrances, and where your “rear yard” even is.In general, NYC zoning commonly refers to three main lot types:Corner LotInterior LotThrough LotLet’s walk through them in plain English (with a little...